RAPID TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF HEMOLYTIC B STREPTOCOCCUS GROUP A BY PHARYNGEAL SWAB FOR PROFESSIONAL USE 20 PIECES

Description
Rapid immunoassay for the qualitative and visual detection of Group A Streptococcus bacteria in throat infections. The test helps quickly determine whether the sore throat is caused by Group A Streptococcus rather than other pathogens (usually viruses) that may not require antibiotic treatment.
The test detects Streptococcus A-specific antigens using special gold-conjugated antibodies incorporated into a test strip. The sample, which is a throat swab, is collected with a sterile, disposable rayon swab. The sample is placed in a plastic tube into which the operator inserts a specific volume of 2 extraction reagents (to extract Streptococcus A-specific antigens). After an incubation period, the resulting sample solution is poured into the sample well of the cassette.
The reagents supplied are:
- R1: solution containing mainly sodium nitrite and phenol red.
- R2: solution containing mainly acetic acid.
When mixed, the two solutions create nitrous acid, which acts as an extractant of the Streptococcus A-specific antigen.
In case of Streptococcus A concentration equal to or greater than 104 CFU/mL in the patient sample, the specific antigens present in the sample solution are first bound by the gold-labeled polyclonal anti-streptococcus A antibodies. The immune complexes are selectively captured by the test line (T-line, consisting of purified polyclonal anti-streptococcus A antibodies), thus showing the appearance of a red-violet band at the T-line, indicating a positive result.
If Streptococcus A is absent or its levels in the patient sample are below the cut-off value (104 CFU/mL), a sufficient specific immune complex is not formed. Consequently, only one band, the C line, is visible, indicating a negative result.
As a procedural control, a colored band always appears in the control line area to indicate that the test procedure was performed correctly and that the test components and reagents performed as intended.

How to use
Sample collection and preparation
Allow tests, samples and reagents to reach room temperature (15-30°C) prior to testing. To prevent cross-contamination, do not allow the tops of reagent bottles to come into contact with sample material.
Place the workstation on a flat, clean, dry surface. Place the empty plastic tube in one of the workstation compartments.
Open the package containing the sterile swab. Avoid touching the cotton tip and remove the swab using the plastic handle. Ask the patient to tilt their head back and open their mouth as wide as possible. Take the tongue depressor in one hand and flatten the tongue. Use the other hand to place the swab near the throat. Touch the cotton tip to the back of the throat - the area around the tonsils and any red or sore areas (soft palate, uvula). It is recommended to rotate the swab because it increases the amount of sample collected.
It is recommended to process the collected swab samples as soon as possible after collection.
If swabs cannot be processed immediately, they should be placed in a sterile, dry, tightly closed tube or bottle and refrigerated. Do not freeze swabs. Swabs may be stored at room temperature (15-30°C) for up to 8 hours or refrigerated (2-8°C) for up to 72 hours.
All samples must be brought to room temperature (15-30°C) before analysis.

Test procedure
After collecting the sample, insert the cotton tip of the swab into the plastic tube provided, previously placed in the workstation.
Open vial R1 by unscrewing only the blue cap (leave the white part well sealed), then add 4 drops to the test tube and close with the cap. Then open vial R2 by unscrewing only the green cap (leave the white part well sealed), then add 4 drops to the test tube and close with the cap. Do not interchange the caps of the reagent vials.
Holding the swab by the plastic handle, rotate the swab against the sides of the tube approximately 10 times to thoroughly mix the solution. Allow the swab to incubate for 2 to 5 minutes. At the end of the incubation period, remove the tube (with the swab and extraction fluid still inside) from the workstation. Using your thumb and forefinger, squeeze the sides of the tube to expel as much fluid as possible from the cotton tip of the swab and collect it in the tube. Remove the swab. Dispose of the swab according to infectious agent handling guidelines and place the tube in one of the compartments on the workstation.
Attach the supplied dropper to the plastic tube. Dispense 1 drop into the well of the test cassette. If the dispensed drop contains air bubbles, add another drop to the well.
Read results after 5 minutes (some positive results may be seen after only 1 minute). Do not read beyond 10 minutes.

Interpretation of results
The intensity of the colors of the lines is not relevant for the interpretation of the test results.

POSITIVE: Two colored lines appear. One colored line should always appear in the control region (C) and another colored line should appear in the test region (T). This means that the test has detected the presence of Strep A-specific antigens in the specimen.

NEGATIVE: A colored line appears in the control line area (C). No obvious colored line appears in the test line area (T). This is a negative result and means that no Strep A antigens are detected in the throat specimen or are present in quantities too low to be detected.

INVALID: No line appears or a line appears only under the T (test) mark and not under the C (control) mark. In this case, the test result cannot be interpreted and should be considered invalid. Review the procedure and repeat the test with a new cassette. If the problem persists, immediately stop using the test kit and contact the distributor. Insufficient sample volume, incorrect operating procedure or expired tests are the most likely reasons for the control line not appearing.

Warnings
Read the instructions for use carefully before performing the test. The test is reliable if the instructions are followed correctly (reaction times, sample collection methods and extraction instructions indicated).
Do not use the test after the expiration date or if the package is damaged.
In vitro diagnostic device for professional use.
The test is for external use only. Do not swallow the R1 and R2 solutions and the other elements of the package. If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately. Show the remaining parts of the box, the instructions for use and the packaging.
If liquids come into contact with eyes, skin or other mucous membranes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and contact a doctor. Show the vial labels.
After use, dispose of all components according to local regulations. Liquid waste must not be disposed of down the drain.
Do not open the sealed items (test cassette, swab, and tongue depressor) until you are ready to perform the test. Be careful to open them as directed.
Do not interchange reagent vial caps or mix components from different test kits.
All components of the kit are single use, with the exception of the workstation (which can be reused), the instructions for use and solutions 1 and 2, which must be stored, closed with their respective caps, at a temperature between 4°C and 30°C.
The operator is required to comply with local regulations in force and to operate in accordance with good laboratory practices (GLP). Do not eat, drink or smoke in the area where samples and test kits are handled.
Avoid cross-contamination of samples by using a new extraction tube for each sample obtained.
Handle all specimens as if they contain infectious agents. Observe established precautions against microbiological hazards throughout the procedures and follow standard procedures for proper disposal of specimens.
The test procedure and interpretation of results must be followed carefully. Proper specimen collection is essential to obtain optimal test performance. Failure to follow the procedure may result in inaccurate results.
The test is to be used only for the determination of Strep A antigen in throat swabs. It is not able to determine either the quantitative value or the percentage increase in the concentration of Strep A antigen.
The test indicates only the presence of Strep A antigen in the sample due to the presence of viable or non-viable Group A Streptococcus bacteria and does not differentiate asymptomatic carriers of Group A Streptococcus from those with symptomatic infection.
The accuracy of the test depends on the quality of the sample collected by the swab. Improper collection or storage of samples can generate false negatives. It is also possible to obtain negative results at the onset of the disease due to the low concentration of antigen.
Excessive blood or mucus on the swab may interfere with the test results and cause a false positive. Avoid contact of the swab with the tongue, cheeks, teeth, and any oral areas with open wounds when collecting the sample.
As with all diagnostic tests, results should be interpreted in light of the patient's overall medical history.
If the reading time (5 minutes) is not strictly respected, the results obtained may be incorrect.
Respiratory infections, including pharyngitis, can be caused by streptococci of serogroups other than group A and by other pathogens. A negative test result for group A streptococcus does not exclude infection with other pathogens. Positive results do not exclude co-infection with other pathogens.
If clinical signs and symptoms are inconsistent with the test results, further testing using other clinical methods (e.g., bacterial culture) is recommended.
Use of antibiotics or over-the-counter medications may suppress the growth of group A strep in culture, despite the presence of organisms detectable by rapid antigen tests. This may lead to discrepancies in results.

Conservation
Store test components at 4°C to 30°C. Do not freeze.
Validity with intact packaging: 30 months.

Format
The kit contains:
- 20 hermetically sealed aluminum pouches containing: 1 test cassette and 1 desiccant sachet;
- 20 sterile swabs;
- 20 sterile wooden tongue depressors;
- 1 workstation;
- 20 empty plastic extraction tubes with droppers;
- 1 dropper bottle of R1 solution (containing enough solution to perform 20 tests);
- 1 dropper bottle of R2 solution (containing enough solution to perform 20 tests);
- 1 instruction sheet for use.

Bibliography
1. Anjos LM, Marcondes MB, Lima MF, Mondelli AL, Okoshi MP, Streptococcal acute pharyngitis, Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47(4):409-13;
2. Castro SA, Dorfmueller HC A brief review on Group A Streptococcus pathogenesis and vaccine development, R Soc Open Sci 2021;
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult appropriate antibiotic use summary; http://www.cdc.gov/getsmart/community/materials-references/print-materials/hcp/adultapprop- summary.pdf. Accessed March 8, 2016;
4. Banerjee S, Ford C. “Rapid Tests for the Diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal Infection: A Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy, Clinical Utility, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness.” Ottawa (ON): Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health; 2018 May. CADTH Rapid Response Reports;
5. Llor C, Bjerrum L, Munck A, Cots JM, Hernández S, Moragas A; HAPPY AUDIT Investigators. “Access to point-of-care tests reduces the prescription of antibiotics among antibioticrequesting subjects with respiratory tract infections.” Breathe Care. 2014 Dec;
6. Georgers N. Nakhoul,MD and John Hickner,MD,MSc, Management of Adults with Acute Streptococcal Pharyngitis: Minimal Value for Backup Strep Testing and Overuse of Antibiotics, J Gen Inter Med. 2013 Jun, 28(6):830-834;
7. Emily H. Stewart, Brian Davis, B. Lee Clemans-Taylor, Benjamin Littenberg, Carlos A. Estrada, and Robert M. Centor, Rapid Antigen Group A Streptococcus Test to Diagnose Pharyngitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, PLoS One. 2014; 9(11);
8. Parks T, Barrett L, Jones N. Invasive streptococcal disease: a review for clinicians. British Medical Bulletin, Volume 115, Issue 1, September 2015, Pages 77–89.

Cod. 800060-20P